"We were camping out. My parents had a tent, and we went to Lake Arrowhead, which is about forty miles East of L.A. near San Bernandino. It’s up in the mountains. And one day, they said, 'The war is over.' I said, 'Oh, that’s…

"She was captured in Cavalaire and taken to Marseilles or Toulon—which are the two cities that are right on the coast there, In 1944, June, she was taken to Drancy, which is a suburb of Paris on the North, basically the North side of Paris. …

"About two years [after we arrived in the United States], my father had an opportunity to buy a dress-making factory, and he had some money and my mother had some money, and they invested it with another partner in this dress company and he…

"My grandmother on my father’s side, she was living in Paris. She wasn’t able to come with us at all, and she was hidden—or not hidden—but she lived in a “senior citizens”—we’d call it—home. And eventually she came out and joined us in…

"They [my grandparents] went across the Pyrenees, and they ended up in, I believe, Madrid, one of those cities—[Spain] being a neutral country, so-called. And then eventually they got to Portugal, and they ended up getting a ship to New York at…

"They [my grandparents] went through Marseilles and there was a very outstanding American council called Varian Fry, and I’m convinced that they were helped by that person because he helped a lot of people escape. And he was the council…

"When the Nazis took over, for about two years, there were two zones of France: one was the Occupied Zone, which included Paris and most of the Coast, and the other part was the Southeast part and the Riviera and the Mediterranean Coast, which…

"Rationing started, which would’ve made daily life quite tough. Just getting the food on the table, et cetera. But we were never—it never got to the point where we were gonna starve, I don’t think. And later on, of course, we got a lot of…

"Well the government required you to put up any material that would block light being emitted from windows to aid German bombers. But although the war started on 3 September ’39 the bombing didn’t start until June of 1940. Although Hitler…

"He was called up in June of 1942. He, you know, it was late in the war really. But of course he was an older man. He was 40, or 39 and six months, when he was called up. So you know, they called up the young men at the beginning of the war.…