"On the night of June 15, 1942, they surrounded the village... And they set up megaphones, and they made an announcement. If the able bodied man will volunteer to go [to a] labor camp, the women, children, and elderly will be spared deportation. So…

"The person that informed on him was a chimney sweep, okay, who had access to all the houses, who knew what was going on. And he informed to the German authorities that he was slaughtering meat. That punishment was death. We ran away. We had…

"And there in 1941, we learned that they’re gonna create a ghetto in Tarnow. So we left... the town of Tarnow, and went to a smaller community called Zawichost. And from there we had to leave because my father was caught butchering, and there…

"Well, we stayed in Krakow from the outbreak of the war. We stayed with our aunt in my grandparents’ apartment. And in 1940, when the rumors started that the ghetto [is going to be created] in Krakow. We --since we were not citizens of Krakow…

"As I told you, my father was a kosher butcher… In 1936, after the death of the Polish Marshal Pilsudski, who was the de facto leader of the Polish government who tried to enforce laws protecting the minority-- after his death in 1936, the…

"I was born on December 20, 1922 in the city of Krakow, Poland. My house was a house of [an] observant family. My father was a kosher butcher. The laws of the Bible were observed strictly... I always wore a head covering. I attended the Jewish…

"Well, before the liberation, there were five agricultural villages [where] the Jews worked. We decided all to come to one of the larger ones in the town of Tluste, where the ghetto was, for our safety. And strangely enough, the German Commander…

"[I became} a member of the congregation of The Temple on Peachtree Street... I taught Hebrew there for twenty years... Started in 1975 or 1976. I remember the Bremen asked me once to speak... and I said, 'No, I can never do that. This is beyond…

"I was in high school there, in Germany, which was-- I could write another book on a Jewish kid in a German high school-- and of course none of them knew anything that was going on. But the thing I remember most about that period is that I was…

"So, with a Russian army truck, we made our way across the border to Romania, and there I remember being very tired and falling asleep on the floor of some empty apartment. I remember waking up in the morning and looking in the window I thought…