“We were assigned to go to this kibbutz in the Negev desert, just south of Isdud, which is now Ashdod. We traveled at the time as the Hagannah and were attacked by Arab forces often.”  “Once we were in this bus travelling through Tel Aviv to another…

“You know I was very Jewish growing up, but I didn’t know much of anything about Judaism or Zionism, that was until the army, the Russian Army came to liberate Poland. And this was when I was in the orphanage and many of the soldiers were Jewish and…

“Finally one day, two in the afternoon, this was late in 1944 and the Germans were bombing the Poles during the uprising. A bomb fell on the house we were staying in and leveled most of the courtyard. We ran from the debris, and all decided at this…

“You know I first left the ghetto in 1942, and I worked and disguised myself as Aryan, a Pole. It was so much secrecy, I was constantly frightened and never could trust anyone. I met and smuggled with all these Polish boys who were gangs as I…

“Orders were given that Jews had to live in one area behind this wall, and the Poles had to leave that area. Families had to make room for other families. Everyone had to give up their silver and gold, nice furs; all valuables had to be given…

“I think we were very well off, upper-middle class.”  “We had a maid in the house, and as far as I recall we all had a very happy childhood. In the summertime we would stay in a house in the resort area outside of Warsaw; we would go for the Summer…

“I was born on Nowolipki 62 street, in Warsaw Poland. It was a Jewish neighborhood and area. This house and street were part of the Ghetto later, and I lived there until 1942.”  “I had my older sister Mina and my younger brother, Moshe.”  “My mother…