"It was just sheer luck. But in order to get to the point of sheer luck and in order to survive to that particular point, you needed besides physical support, you needed what I would call spiritual and emotional and intellectual support. And…

"We came to Dachau on October 23rd, 1944. So you know that historically the war was well advanced, okay? At no time, during the whole time, of all the camps we were in, were we ever bombed... But we felt the fact that they didn’t bomb where we…

"You know, how you survive is the most frequently asked questions by my audiences when I speak to schools or-. Okay? I wrestled with that, you know, with that question myself. Was it the divine intervention? Was it-? I came to the conclusion…

"We were there for two years in one camp. In the consequent year, we went to ten difference camps. And we wondered, why were moved from one camp to another? So, we did some research and it turned out, out of the ten camps that we were in, there…

"I have a tattoo on my forearm. There were only two camps where they tattooed. One is very well known, the camp of Auschwitz, where they put the serial number on the left forearm. And the other one was the camp that we were. We were a satellite…

"On the night of June 15, 1942, they surrounded the village... And they set up megaphones, and they made an announcement. If the able bodied man will volunteer to go [to a] labor camp, the women, children, and elderly will be spared deportation. So…

"The person that informed on him was a chimney sweep, okay, who had access to all the houses, who knew what was going on. And he informed to the German authorities that he was slaughtering meat. That punishment was death. We ran away. We had…

"And there in 1941, we learned that they’re gonna create a ghetto in Tarnow. So we left... the town of Tarnow, and went to a smaller community called Zawichost. And from there we had to leave because my father was caught butchering, and there…

"Well, we stayed in Krakow from the outbreak of the war. We stayed with our aunt in my grandparents’ apartment. And in 1940, when the rumors started that the ghetto [is going to be created] in Krakow. We --since we were not citizens of Krakow…

"When the war broke out, I was... working in Krakow living with my aunt. And on September 1st, the German Stuka planes, the fighter planes, bombed a Polish barracks, army barracks, across the street from where I was staying with my aunt. That’s…